The Memphis Red Sox were a professional Negro League baseball team based in Memphis, Tennessee from the 1920s until the end of segregated baseball.

The Memphis Red Sox franchise was owned by two brothers, Dr. J.B. Martin and Dr. B.B. Martin, members of a prominent family in Memphis.  Both men were dentists, and J.B. also operated a drugstore and a funeral home and had investments in real estate.  He build his won ballpark for the team, owned a hotel next to the park, and operated the concession stand where he served chitterlings in addition to the standard ballpark cusine.  The franchise fielded a team in the Negro National League each year between 1924 and 1930, except for 1926, when they joined the Negro Southern League in its inaugurl season.  The Red Sox also fielded a team in the Negro Southern League in 1932, the only season when it was designated as a major league.

In 1937 Memphis became a charter member in the Negro American League and won the first half championship in 1938 with a 21-4 record.  In the playoff with the second half winner, the Atlanta Black Crackers, the Red Sox won the first 2 games but the Series was canceled because of discord between the managements of the two ballclubs.  The Red Sox remained in the league through 1950 but never again contended for the title.

Dr. J. B. Martin was president of the Negro American League and owned the Chicago American Giants baseball team.  Martin appointed Ted "Double Duty" Radcliffe as manager of the Chicago American Giants in 1950. He was concerned about black players joining Major League teams so he instructed Radcliffe to sign white players. Radcliffe recruited at least five young white players (Lou Chirban, Lou Clarizio, Al Dubetts, Frank Dyall and Stanley Miarka). The team disbanded in 1952.